Hopewell archaeology began in the early 20th century with the discovery of spectacular artifacts of stone, shell, and copper from mounds in a complex on Mordecai Hopewell's farm on a tributary stream of the Scioto River in southcentral Ohio. Her work has appeared in scholarly publications such as Archaeology Online and Science. The inhabitants raised corn (maize) and possibly beans and squash but still relied upon hunting and fishing and the gathering of wild nuts, fruits, seeds, and roots. Mississippians Were the Mound Builders in North America, The Oneota Culture - Last Prehistoric Culture of the American Midwest, National Parks in Ohio: Wright Brothers, Mounds, Buffalo Soldiers, Cahokia (USA) - Massive Mississippian Center in the American Bottom, Moundbuilder Myth - History and Death of a Legend, Geoglyphs: Worldwide Ancient Art of the Landscape, Tiwanaku Empire - Ancient City and Imperial State in South America, Turkey (Meleagris gallapavo) and its History of Domestication, Settlement Patterns - Studying the Evolution of Societies, The Norte Chico Civilization of South America, Quarry Sites: The Archaeological Study of Ancient Mining, History of Animal and Plant Domestication, Geochemical Analysis of Mica Source Specimens and Artifacts from the Abbott Farm National Historic Landmark (28ME1), The Allure of the Exotic: Reexamining the Use of Local and Distant Pipestone Quarries in Ohio Hopewell Pipe Caches, A Contextual and Iconographic Reassessment of the Headdress on Burial 11 from Hopewell Mound 25, A New Multistage Construction Chronology for the Great Serpent Mound, USA. The term Mound Builders, once applied to this culture, is now considered a misnomer. Everhart said the builders of the Caldwell Mound may have been Hopewell people using heirloom Adena objects in their ceremonies; or they may have been Adena people in the process of adopting the new Hopewell identity. The big changes that define the Hopewell culture include the construction of gigantic earthen enclosures, such as those at Newark and Chillicothe, which encode a sophisticated understanding of geometry and astronomy in their architecture. There are hundreds if not thousands of archaeological sites associated with Hopewell. and A.D. 100, witnessed “some of the most dramatic socioreligious transformations in pre-Columbian North America.”. The term Mound Builders, once applied to this culture, is now considered a misnomer. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Artifacts recovered from the mound included spear points and pottery characteristic of the Adena culture as well as a spear point and a copper headplate more characteristic of the Hopewell culture. Rockshelters, if available, were often used as hunting campsites, where meat and seeds may have been processed before returning to base camps. Some evidence exists suggesting at least some of the leaders were shamans, religious leaders. After about 400 ce the more spectacular features of the Hopewell culture gradually disappeared. A few individuals were buried at the earthen mound sites and interred in complex burial mounds, with lots of exotic and imported grave goods, and show evidence of receiving elaborate mortuary. Complete walking tour of 2,000 year old Hopewell burial mounds located near Nauvoo Illinois. Generally, the earthworks were solely ritual architecture, where nobody lived full time. The largest cluster of earthworks are found in the Scioto River Valley of southeastern Ohio, an area which is considered by scholars the Hopewell "core.". The mounds that he found were the first to be excavated publicly by “archeologists” who documented their findings. Archaeologists almost never excavate Native American burial mounds anymore out of respect for the federally recognized tribes whose ancestors are buried within them. Here are a few of the better known. His analysis of the burials provides us with “some of the earliest evidence of leadership diversification” in the Scioto Valley and it may be that the creation of these multiple leadership roles was part of what ignited the Hopewell cultural florescence. The name is derived from the Hopewell farm in Ross county, Ohio, where the first site—centring on a group of burial mounds with extensive enclosures of banked earth—was explored.
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