"[78][158] A 1997 study determined that 3% of the pope's statements were about the issue of sexual morality. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [320][321] John Paul II's remains, which were not exposed, were placed in front of the Basilica's main altar, where believers could pay their respect before and after the beatification mass in St. Peter's Square on 1 May 2011. The alcove had been empty since John XXIII's remains had been moved into the main body of the basilica after his beatification. In addition to celebrating Mass with Catholic believers, he participated in ecumenical services at places that had been Catholic shrines before the Reformation: Nidaros Cathedral in Norway; near St. Olav's Church at Thingvellir in Iceland; Turku Cathedral in Finland; Roskilde Cathedral in Denmark; and Uppsala Cathedral in Sweden. He warned that man "giving himself over to relativism and scepticism, goes off in search of an illusory freedom apart from truth itself". As pope, John Paul II wrote 14 papal encyclicals and taught about sexuality in what is referred as the "Theology of the Body". The three popes who today commonly are known as "Great" are Leo I, who reigned from 440–461 and persuaded Attila the Hun to withdraw from Rome; Gregory I, 590–604, after whom the Gregorian Chant is named; and Pope Nicholas I, 858–867, who consolidated the Catholic Church in the Western world in the Middle Ages. Wojtyła was thus the only pope, at least in modern times, to have been a labourer. Europe needs Poland. [226], In October 2003, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) issued a statement congratulating John Paul II on entering the 25th year of his papacy. [106], On 15 January 1995, during the X World Youth Day, he offered Mass to an estimated crowd of between five and seven million in Luneta Park,[98] Manila, Philippines, which was considered to be the largest single gathering in Christian history. ("[Make him a] Saint Immediately!") [162] Edward N. Peters has referred to the 1983 Code as the "Johanno-Pauline Code"[164] (Johannes Paulus is Latin for "John Paul"), paralleling the "Pio-Benedictine" 1917 code that it replaced. Susan Crimp, "The Last Wish of Pope John Paul II: The Life and Messages of Saint Faustina", p92. An Opus Dei spokesman said that "the influence of Opus Dei in the Vatican has been exaggerated". The signing was a fruit of a theological dialogue that had been going on between the LWF and the Vatican since 1965. Tucci says that the pontiff was "furious".[177]. The thirty-two-year friendship (and occasional academic collaboration) lasted until his death. [222][223], On 30 December 1993, John Paul II established formal diplomatic relations between the Holy See and the State of Israel, acknowledging its centrality in Jewish life and faith.[222]. [182], Later, during a Mass, Pope John Paul II criticised the regime for impoverishing the peasants and the unemployed, saying that the government must give people greater access to the land. John Paul II was canonised on 27 April 2014 (again Divine Mercy Sunday), together with Pope John XXIII. In 1959, Bishop Wojtyla began an annual tradition of saying a Midnight Mass on Christmas Day in an open field at Nowa Huta, the so-called model workers’ town outside Kraków that was without a church building. One of Wojtyła’s close boyhood friends was a son of the leader of Wadowice’s Jewish community. [210] The Pope spoke to leaders of the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organisations, pleading for "open, tolerant and honest dialogue". [207] During his 1995 visit to Sri Lanka, a country where a majority of the population adheres to Theravada Buddhism, John Paul II expressed his admiration for Buddhism: In particular I express my highest regard for the followers of Buddhism, the majority religion in Sri Lanka, with its … four great values of … loving kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy and equanimity; with its ten transcendental virtues and the joys of the Sangha expressed so beautifully in the Theragathas. [134], The Polish pope compared Poland's entry into the EU to the Union of Lublin, which was signed in 1569 and united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one nation and created an elective monarchy. [115], Keenly aware of the rhythms of time and the importance of anniversaries in the Church’s life, John Paul II led nine “dedicated years” during the twenty-six and a half years of his pontificate: the Holy Year of the Redemption in 1983–84, the Marian Year in 1987–88, the Year of the Family in 1993–94, the three Trinitarian years of preparation for the Great Jubilee of 2000, the Great Jubilee itself, the Year of the Rosary in 2002–3, and the Year of the Eucharist, which began on 17 October 2004, and concluded six months after the Pope’s death.[115]. One of the ways of honour, proposed by Emmanuelle Pacifici, the head of Italy's Jewish community, was the medal of the Righteous Among the Nations. He also participated in the assemblies of the Synod of Bishops. [107][108], It was beyond history, beyond memory. The panel of experts overwhelmingly opposed implementation of policies of "zero-tolerance" such as was proposed by the US Conference of Catholic Bishops. Evangelium Vitae. [247][248][249] The ex-priest was treated for mental illness and then expelled from Portugal to become a solicitor in Belgium. According to John Lewis Gaddis, one of the most influential historians of the Cold War, the trip led to the formation of Solidarity and would begin the process of Communism's demise in Eastern Europe: When Pope John Paul II kissed the ground at the Warsaw airport he began the process by which Communism in Poland—and ultimately elsewhere in Europe—would come to an end. [303], In early 2006, it was reported that the Vatican was investigating a possible miracle associated with John Paul II. He was then summoned to Warsaw to meet the Primate of Poland, Stanisław Dziwisz later said that John Paul II had been injured during the attempt but managed to hide a non-life-threatening wound. And what struck me about some of them was their Polish patriotism. He was the first reigning pope to travel to the United Kingdom, in 1982, where he met Queen Elizabeth II, the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
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