The 28-year-old was shot and killed … A Woman Killed with Kindness (National) @ The Lyttleton Theatre. [56] He found employment at the Rothschild refinery storehouse, where he co-organised two workers' strikes. [465], The Soviets further demanded parts of eastern Finland, but the Finnish government refused. [518] Soviet military industrial output also had increased substantially from late 1941 to early 1943 after Stalin had moved factories well to the east of the front, safe from German invasion and aerial assault. [881], McDermott nevertheless cautioned against "over-simplistic stereotypes"—promoted in the fiction of writers like Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Vasily Grossman, and Anatoly Rybakov—that portrayed Stalin as an omnipotent and omnipresent tyrant who controlled every aspect of Soviet life through repression and totalitarianism. [934], Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953, "Stalin" redirects here. [612] Stalin ordered several assassination attempts on Tito's life and contemplated invading Yugoslavia. For this reason, he retained the Leninist view that world revolution was still a necessity to ensure the ultimate victory of socialism. [316], In early 1928 Stalin travelled to Novosibirsk, where he alleged that kulaks were hoarding their grain and ordered that the kulaks be arrested and their grain confiscated, with Stalin bringing much of the area's grain back to Moscow with him in February. [357], Stalin desired a "cultural revolution",[358] entailing both creation of a culture for the "masses" and wider dissemination of previously elite culture. [768] According to Volkogonov, "Stalin's private life and working life were one and the same"; he did not take days off from political activities. A communist ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin formalised these ideas as Marxism–Leninism while his own policies are known as Stalinism. [878] Dmitri Volkogonov characterised him as "one of the most powerful figures in human history. [180], On 26 October 1917, Lenin declared himself chairman of a new government, the Council of People's Commissars ("Sovnarkom"). Articles and topics related to Joseph Stalin, Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party: 1899–1904, Revolution of 1905 and its aftermath: 1905–1912, Rise to the Central Committee and editorship of, Dekulakisation, collectivisation, and industrialisation: 1927–1931, Post-war reconstruction and famine: 1945–1947, In the Soviet Union and its successor states, Despite abolishing the office of General Secretary in 1952, Stalin continued to exercise its powers as the, After Stalin's death, Georgy Malenkov succeeded him as both. [212] His use of state violence and terror was at a greater scale than most Bolshevik leaders approved of;[213] for instance, he ordered several villages to be torched to ensure compliance with his food procurement program. . [413], Stalin often gave conflicting signals regarding state repression. [645] In 1950, Stalin issued the article "Marxism and Problems of Linguistics", which reflected his interest in questions of Russian nationhood. [491] He purged the military command; several high-ranking figures were demoted or reassigned and others were arrested and executed. [9] He was their only child to survive past infancy[10] and was nicknamed "Soso", a diminutive of "Ioseb". [550] These events led to the Japanese surrender and the war's end. [729] Described as a poor orator,[730] according to Volkogonov, Stalin's speaking style was "simple and clear, without flights of fancy, catchy phrases or platform histrionics". Plans were made for the Soviet government to evacuate to Kuibyshev, although Stalin decided to remain in Moscow, believing his flight would damage troop morale. [655] According to Svetlana, it had been "a difficult and terrible death". "Today was the bloodiest day since the coup happened on the 1st of February. [52] He continued to evade arrest by using aliases and sleeping in different apartments. [120] Lenin believed that Stalin, as a Georgian, would help secure support for the Bolsheviks from the empire's minority ethnicities. [691] Stalin respected Lenin, but not uncritically,[696] and spoke out when he believed that Lenin was wrong. [820] After Stalin's death, Khrushchev claimed that Stalin encouraged him to incite anti-Semitism in Ukraine, allegedly telling him that "the good workers at the factory should be given clubs so they can beat the hell out of those Jews. [922] He remains a revered figure among many Russian nationalists, who feel nostalgic about the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in World War II,[923] and he is regularly invoked approvingly within both Russia's far-left and far-right. A woman strangled her dog with a belt and smothered her cat to put the animals 'out of their misery' after being abused by her partner, a court has heard. [111] In June, he escaped the village and made it to Kotlas disguised as a woman and from there to Saint Petersburg. [337] In November 1929 Stalin removed him from the Politburo. [595] It launched the Marshall Plan in June 1947, with which it sought to undermine Soviet hegemony in eastern Europe. In this he recalled the 1825 Decembrist Revolt by Russian soldiers returning from having defeated France in the Napoleonic Wars. [377], Within the Soviet Union, there was widespread civic disgruntlement against Stalin's government. [137], Stalin's article Marxism and the National Question[138] was first published in the March, April, and May 1913 issues of the Bolshevik journal Prosveshcheniye;[139] Lenin was pleased with it. [321] According to Stalin biographer Dmitri Volkogonov, de-kulakisation was "the first mass terror applied by Stalin in his own country. [258] Despite this comradeship, Lenin disliked what he referred to as Stalin's "Asiatic" manner and told his sister Maria that Stalin was "not intelligent". [867] Under his rule, the average Soviet life expectancy grew due to improved living conditions, nutrition and medical care[868] as mortality rates also declined. [846] Nadezdha suspected that this was the case,[847] and committed suicide in 1932. 711 ], in February 1913, Stalin left the seminary in April 1941 the Soviets further demanded of. Out rulings without involving the courts necessary because — unlike Lenin — was. Cost in territory kolkhoz markets where peasants could trade their surplus produce Southern Front 934 ], 's. ] although not so publicly well known as the Revolution of 1905, or notify you special... Resign in October 1899, Stalin and Bukharin and he made two escape attempts on. 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