The French had been slowly reinforced and their force numbered only 35,000. With Paris under the protection of the revolutionary National Guard and few regular soldiers in the city, left-wing leaders established themselves in the Hôtel de Ville and established the Paris Commune which was savagely repressed by Versailles with the loss of about 20,000 lives. To the resulting lack of intelligence at the top can be ascribed all the inexcusable defects of French military policy. This article was most recently revised and updated by, The French collapse and the siege of Paris, Marie-Edme-Patrice-Maurice, count de Mac-Mahon, Florida Museum of Natural History - Roughskin Dogfish, Franco-Prussian War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). It was ready for peace but was resolved that “not an inch of our soil will we cede, not a stone of our fortresses.” After Sedan the Germans hastened on to Paris and on Sept. 19, 1870, began the famous siege of that city. Areas of France occupied until the war reparations were paid. Bringing in the German 'Southern Army', General von Manteuffel then drove Bourbaki's army into the mountains near the Swiss border. Holborn, H. (1942). Next day a grossly outnumbered Prussian force of 30,000 men of III Corps (of the 2nd Army) under General Konstantin von Alvensleben, found the French Army near Vionville, east of Mars-la-Tour. Seriously flawed communications between Frossard and those in reserve under Bazaine slowed down so much that by the time the reserves received orders to move out to Spicheren, German soldiers from the 1st and 2nd armies had charged up the heights. A grand total of 20,163 German troops were killed, wounded or missing in action during the August 18 battle. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff General von Blumenthal, drawn reinforcements which brought its strength up to 140,000 troops. By the time he realized what kind of a force he was opposing, it was too late. One of the cruellest things about a “people’s war” is that it needs, and takes, the best men from every trade, even tho... ...cial vitality, such powers of recuperation from national calamity. At war with herself, she could not give to others that feeling of peace which ... ...all the way to the river-bank by a disorderly mob of Austrian Dragoons and Prussian Hussars. google_ad_slot = "6416241264"; National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31 October 1870 and 22 January 1871. In addition, the Prussian artillery batteries had 30% more guns than their French counterparts. Thus the stage was set for the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 to 1871. The army was nominally led by Napoleon III, with Marshals Francois Achille Bazaine and Patrice de Mac-Mahon in command of the field armies. eval(ez_write_tag([[728,90],'newworldencyclopedia_org-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',162,'0','0'])); The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding balance of power after the Napoleonic Wars, in which France and Prussia had been combatants, resulting in France's loss and Napoleon I's exile to Elba. The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounded) for a total of 12,275. Prussian forces commenced the Siege of Paris on 19 September 1870. The defeat of the French at Sedan had decided the war in Prussia's favor. The Siege of Paris (September 19, 1870–January 28, 1871) brought about the final defeat of the French Army during the Franco-Prussian War. Von Blumenthal, who commanded the siege, was opposed to the bombardment on moral grounds.
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