The styloid, from the Greek stylos, is a phallic shaped pillar directed inferiorly and anteromedially between the parotid gland and internal jugular vein. The temporal bones are the thickest skull base components. 1999 Dec;47(6):1079-83. People with temporal bone fractures may present to the emergency department with the following signs and symptoms: Doctors treating a temporal bone fracture must first make sure that the injury is not life threatening. “Temporal Bone.”, Biologydictionary.net Editors. Its surface has impressions that follow the groove and contour of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum that rests against it. Check out our skull bones quizzes and diagrams. The temporal bones articulate posteriorly with the occipital bone, superiorly with the parietal bones, and anteriorly with the sphenoid bone creating the occipitomastoid, squamous and sphenosquamosal sutures, respectively. Many blood vessels and nerves pass through the temporal bone, so damage to it can have serious consequences involving blood loss and nerve damage. A range of injuries and medical conditions can affect the temporal bone, including those below. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. It is usually straight, but can sometimes have a curvature, usually on the anterior surface. Together, these bones fuse to create the neurocranium, which is the main cavity that surrounds and protects the brain and the brain stem. The temporal bone consists of four parts[1][2]— the squamous, mastoid, petrous and tympanic parts. The large jugular foramen is located where the petrous part joins the occipital bone. The articular tubercle is a small, bony projection that articulates with the condylar process of the mandible. Kenhub. 2001 Jul;125(1):77-84. There is a depression below the arcuate eminence, the subarcuate fossa, which lies above the opening of the internal acoustic meatus. Closely Related Organs: Temporal Bone The temporal bone consists of a pair of bones that help make up the skull. Sound enters the ear canal and makes the tiny bones (ossicles) inside the ear vibrate. The inferior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone is on the outside of the skull base and features many foramina. The cartilage of the Eustachian tube also attaches to the inferior surface. One of these is the stylomastoid foramen that forms an attachment point for the levator veli palatine muscles that move the soft palate. For more details about the temporal bone, take a look below: There is a region on the lateral aspect of the skull where the temporal, parietal, sphenoid and frontal bones converge. This bone protects nerves and structures in the ear that control hearing and balance. Reviewer: This tumor can affect the ear, upper neck, base of the skull, and the surrounding blood vessels and nerves. Symptoms include dizziness and fainting if the bone prevents proper blood flow to and from the brain. – The tympanic part of the temporal bone fuses with the petrous part internally, and the squamous and mastoid parts posteriorly. The carotid canal opens on the skull’s inferior aspect, just anterior to the jugular foramen. 6] the temporal bone consists of three principal parts: Apart from size increase, the chief changes from birth through puberty in the temporal bone are as follows: 1. Additionally, there are 3 bony processes (zygomatic, mastoid, styloid). About a quarter of temporal bone fractures are attributed to sports injuries, gunshot wounds, bicycle accidents, and other miscellaneous injuries. The jugular foramen is also where the jugular vein and several important nerves exit the skull.
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