[88] West Germany joined NATO in 1955 and was a founding member of the European Economic Community. [266] During the 1970s and 1980s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, and Rainer Werner Fassbinder brought West German auteur cinema to critical acclaim. [250] Ludwig Mies van der Rohe became one of the world's most renowned architects in the second half of the 20th century; he conceived of the glass façade skyscraper. [202] Berlin has become the third most visited city destination in Europe. In this karaoke competition hosted by Palina Rojinski, contestants must hit the right note for a chance to win up to 30,000 euros. [11], Ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. Winters range from cold in the southern Alps to mild and are generally overcast with limited precipitation, while summers can vary from hot and dry to cool and rainy. The Bundestag is elected through direct elections using the mixed-member proportional representation system. [109] Average monthly precipitation ranged from 30 litres per square metre in February and April 2019 to 125 litres per square metre in February 2020. All rights reserved. In state of defence, the Chancellor would become commander-in-chief of the Bundeswehr. ; The German CDC-equivalent, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), provides daily updates in German and English on the number reported cases, fatalities, and recoveries. While would-be cruise passengers in the U.S. remain on dry land amid the COVID-19 pandemic, some European cruise lines have been able to return to the seas. [184] Research institutions in Germany include the Max Planck Society, the Helmholtz Association, and the Fraunhofer Society and the Leibniz Association. [30], Johannes Gutenberg introduced moveable-type printing to Europe, laying the basis for the democratization of knowledge. Germans are typically multilingual: 67% of German citizens claim to be able to communicate in at least one foreign language and 27% in at least two. In absolute terms, German military expenditure is the 8th highest in the world. Chicago Mercantile Association: Certain market data is the property of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. and its licensors. The population is covered by a health insurance plan provided by statute, with criteria allowing some groups to opt for a private health insurance contract. (2020– ). [236] Obesity in Germany has been increasingly cited as a major health issue. This so-called Second Reich quickly became Europe’s leading power and acquired colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. Following the War of Austrian Succession and the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, Charles VI's daughter Maria Theresa ruled as Empress Consort when her husband, Francis I, became Emperor. [57] In the subsequent struggle for power, communists seized power in Bavaria, but conservative elements elsewhere attempted to overthrow the Republic in the Kapp Putsch. [242][243] As of 2016[update] UNESCO inscribed 41 properties in Germany on the World Heritage List. [83], After Nazi Germany surrendered, the Allies partitioned Berlin and Germany's remaining territory into four occupation zones. A highly developed country with a very high standard of living, it offers social security and a universal health care system, environmental protections, and a tuition-free university education. [4] Since the 1970s, Germany's death rate has exceeded its birth rate. Its capital and largest city is Berlin, and its financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. The members of the Bundesrat represent and are appointed by the governments of the sixteen federated states. The English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. Although East Germany claimed to be a democracy, political power was exercised solely by leading members (Politbüro) of the communist-controlled Socialist Unity Party of Germany, supported by the Stasi, an immense secret service. Use the HTML below. [225] A system of apprenticeship called Duale Ausbildung leads to a skilled qualification which is almost comparable to an academic degree. As a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors, it is both the world's third-largest exporter and importer of goods. If it’s on paper, we convert it into reality. [4], Most of Germany has a temperate climate, ranging from oceanic in the north to continental in the east and southeast. [112][113], The territory of Germany can be divided into two ecoregions: European-Mediterranean montane mixed forests and Northeast-Atlantic shelf marine. In 2019[update], the principal cause of death was cardiovascular disease, at 37%. [205] The Europa-Park near Freiburg is Europe's second most popular theme park resort. [97] The relocation of the government was completed in 1999, and modernisation of the east German economy was scheduled to last until 2019. Factset: FactSet Research Systems Inc.2018. [211], Germany has a number of large cities. Since 2007, the left-wing populist party The Left has been a staple in the German Bundestag, though they have never been part of the federal government. [221], Responsibility for educational supervision in Germany is primarily organised within the individual federal states. [160] The role of the Bundeswehr is described in the Constitution of Germany as defensive only. Several German art groups formed in the 20th century; Die Brücke (The Bridge) and Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) influenced the development of expressionism in Munich and Berlin. [37][38], From 1740, dualism between the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy and the Kingdom of Prussia dominated German history. Including indirect and induced impacts, the industry supports 4.2 million jobs. [118], The 16 national parks in Germany include the Jasmund National Park, the Vorpommern Lagoon Area National Park, the Müritz National Park, the Wadden Sea National Parks, the Harz National Park, the Hainich National Park, the Black Forest National Park, the Saxon Switzerland National Park, the Bavarian Forest National Park and the Berchtesgaden National Park. [250], Architectural contributions from Germany include the Carolingian and Ottonian styles, which were precursors of Romanesque.
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