The spawning fish select sandy or pebbly shallows and deposit their eggs primarily between sundown and midnight. The American shad is not closely related to the other North American shads. They spawn in calm waters, and females produce between 30,000 and 616,000 eggs, which sink to the bottom of the river. Life History and Distribution. Aside from a few residual populations in New Hampshire’s coastal rivers, the majority of American shad reach the state by migrating up the Merrimack and Connecticut Rivers. Similarly, in Connecticut, the towns of Essex and Windsor hold annual shad festivals. Shad FAQDo you want to know more about shad? A 3-inch juvenile Connecticut River American shad. They are most similar to the hickory shad, which have a strongly projecting lower jaw, and blueback herring, which have a larger eye. [6] It is considered flavorful enough to not require sauces, herbs, or spices. Adults can weigh between 0.9 kg and 5.9 kg (2 – 13 lbs). Juvenile shad remain in the rivers until fall, when they move down to salt water; they are now 1 1⁄2 to 4 1⁄2 in (38 to 114 mm) long, resembling their parents in appearance. The American shad (Alosa sapidissima) is a species of anadromous clupeid fish naturally distributed on the North American coast of the North Atlantic, from Newfoundland to Florida,[2] and as an introduced species on the North Pacific coast. <, New York State Freshwater Fishing 2010–2011 Official Regulations Guide, "Once nearly wiped out, shad stage an uneven comeback in the Chesapeake Bay", https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/08/books/a-sense-of-where-they-are.html, http://southeasternkingmackerelclub.com/grass-shad-another-fine-bait/, "Hudson River Maritime Museum Kingston Shad Festival", A. sapidissima (Wilson,1811) - американский шэд. Eyes have “eyelids” composed of fat-storing adipose tissue. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40(1): 298–304. American shad provided a valuable food resource to the Native American tribes and colonial settlers of Maine. Distribution: American shad spawn in Atlantic coastal rivers from Florida to Eastern Canada. Biologists introduced them to the west coast of the United States in late 1800s, and they are now present from northern California to southern Alaska. "Grass Shad-another Fine Bait- Southeastern King Mackerel Club – King Mackerel Fishing in Southeastern North Carolina." Storing American Shad . catches of American shad along the Pacific coast of North America from research surveys, 1977–2008, as well as from landings of shad by commer-cial or sport vessels, thus expand-Ocean distribution of the American shad (Alosa sapidissima) along the Pacific coast of North America William G. Pearcy (contact author)1 Joseph P. Fisher2 Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Marine Fisheries Service, and state fisheries agencies. They were also introduced into the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The Waldoboro Hatchery produced American shad fry for stocking in the Androscoggin, Kennebec, and Sebasticook Rivers from 1992 to 2008; however, the program ended in 2009 due to lack of funding. A large shad population occurs in the Columbia River. the Merrimack River and the Connecticut River) are stable, Maine populations were listed as continuing to decline at that time. American Shad: Distribution: This species spends most of its life in the Atlantic Ocean but swims up freshwater Rivers to spawn. Most of the rivers across the historic range of shad are now heavily dammed, eliminating many of the spawning grounds. Background American shad are an anadromous (a species of fish that moves from the sea to a river for spawning) species of fish that undergoes extensive ocean and freshwater migrations 1.. The fishery in the Gulf of Maine annually produced over 2.5 million pounds of shad in the late 1800s, with over half of that total being landed in Maine and the remainder being landed in Nova Scotia and Massachusetts. American shad is at its best fresh and in season. Atlantic Coast from New Brunswick to central Florida. The shad spends most of its life in the Atlantic Ocean, but swims up freshwater rivers to spawn. Shad fillets should be wrapped in plastic and refrigerated until cooking. Occasionally they eat small fish, but these are only a minor item in their general diet. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. After hatching, juvenile American shad spend the summer months growing in freshwater before making a migration out to sea in the fall. Each year between April and June, adult American shad leave the sea and enter large, coastal rivers. Total annual egg production is 200,000–600,000 eggs per female with larger fish producing more. They are also very low in toxins such as PCBs, dioxins, and mercury by EPA estimatess. [4] Northern populations are iteroparous, thus they may survive breeding, return to the sea, and then return to fresh waters to spawn several more times. When bought fresh, the fish should be used within a day or two. American shad are a large, anadromous herring native to the eastern seaboard of North America. New fishways have recently been constructed on the Saco River (2012) and the Penobscot River (2014) with the goal of increasing American shad passage. Florida Youth Conservation Centers Network, Distribution and Relative Abundance of Spawning American Shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the St. Johns River, Florida, See a full list of our Social Media accounts. Like other herrings, the American shad is primarily a plankton feeder, but eats small shrimp and fish eggs.
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