April 21st, 2009, Precedential Status: Id., at 1049, 103 S. Ct. 3469 (citing Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 21, 88 S. Ct. 1868, 20 L. Ed. The officers recognized his car as it entered the driveway, and Officer Griffith confirmed that Gantwas the driver by shining a flashlight into the car as itdrove by him. Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357, 88 S. Ct. 507, 19 L. Ed. JUSTICE STEVENS delivered the opinion of the Court. Countless individuals guilty of nothing more serious than a traffic violation have had their constitutional right to *1723 the security of their private effects violated as a result. Gant parked at the end of the driveway, got out of his car, and shut the door. But for the Court, this seemingly counts for nothing. [2] Compare United States v. Green, 324 F.3d 375, 379 (C.A.5 2003) (holding that Belton did not authorize a search of an arrestee's vehicle when he was handcuffed and lying facedown on the ground surrounded by four police officers 6-to-10 feet from the vehicle), United States v. Edwards, 242 F.3d 928, 938 (C.A.10 2001) (finding unauthorized a vehicle search conducted while the arrestee was handcuffed in the back of a patrol car), United States v. Vasey, 834 F.2d 782, 787 (C.A.9 1987) (finding unauthorized a vehicle search conducted 30-to-45 minutes after an arrest and after the arrestee had been handcuffed and secured in the back of a police car), with United States v. Hrasky, 453 F.3d 1099, 1102 (C.A.8 2006) (upholding a search conducted an hour after the arrestee was apprehended and after he had been handcuffed and placed in the back of a patrol car); United States v. Weaver, 433 F.3d 1104, 1106 (C.A.9 2006) (upholding a search conducted 10-to-15 minutes after an arrest and after the arrestee had been handcuffed and secured in the back of a patrol car), and United States v. White, 871 F.2d 41, 44 (C.A.6 1989) (upholding a search conducted after the arrestee had been handcuffed and secured in the back of a police cruiser). Griffith, who was about 30 feet away, called to Gant, and they approached each other, meeting 10-to-12 feet from Gant's car. IV The State does not seriously disagree with the Arizona Supreme Court’s conclusion that Gant could not have accessed his vehicle at the time of the search, but it nevertheless asks us to uphold the search of his vehicle under the broad reading of Beltondiscussed above. 2d 905 (2004)a case involving a situation not materially distinguishable from the situation herethe Court not only reaffirmed but extended the holding of Belton, making it applicable to recent occupants. clearly does not depend on the presence of the Chimel rationales in a particular case.” Id., at 8, 162. A narrow reading of Belton and Thornton, together with this Court's other Fourth Amendment decisions, e.g., Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032, 103 S.Ct. Ante, at 1725 (concurring opinion). 2d 482 (2006) (plurality opinion); Burnet v. Coronado Oil & Gas Co., 285 U.S. 393, 412, 52 S. Ct. 443, 76 L. Ed. When an arrest is made in connection with a roadside stop, police virtually always have a less intrusive and more effective means of ensuring their safetyand a means that is virtually always employed: ordering the arrestee away from the vehicle, patting him down in the open, handcuffing him, and placing him in the squad car. [5] See Maryland v. Garrison, 480 U.S. 79, 84, 107 S. Ct. 1013, 94 L. Ed. I would therefore leave any reexamination of our prior precedents for another day, if such a reexamination is to be undertaken *1732 at all. Chimel, 395 U.S., at 763, 89 S.Ct. ARIZONA V. GANT. Griffith immediately arrested Gant and handcuffed him. And that is why the Belton Court was able to say that its decision "in no way alter[ed] the fundamental principles established in the Chimel case regarding the basic scope of searches incident to lawful custodial arrests."
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