Commedia dell'arte. ( Log Out / While Calmo's characters (which also included the Spanish Capitano and a dottore type) were not masked, it is uncertain at what point the characters donned the mask. If it is drawn for some reason, he is overwhelmed and terrified. There is also a female character known as The Courtisane who can also have a servant. Female characters in the masters group, while younger than their male counterparts, are nevertheless older than the amorosi. Janus also signified the duality of the actor, who is playing a character or mask, while still remaining oneself. Despite fluctuations the Gelosi maintained stability for performances with the "usual ten": "two vecchi (old men), four innamorati (two male and two female lovers), two zanni, a captain and a servetta (serving maid)". Magistrates and clergy were not always receptive to the traveling compagnie (companies), particularly during periods of plague, and because of their itinerant nature. The jacket became shorter and his hat changed from a soft cap to a double pointed hat. These characters included the forebears of the modern clown, namely Harlequin (arlecchino) and the zanni. In commedia dell'arte, female roles were played by women, documented as early as the 1560s, making them the first known professional actresses in Europe since antiquity. Some date the origins to the period of the Roman Republic (Plautine types) or the Empire (Atellan Farces). [41][42], Pantalone has one of the most iconic costumes of Commedia dell'arte. However, it is more probable that the comici used contemporary novella, or, traditional sources as well, and drew from current events and local news of the day. [42], Il Capitano's costume is similar to Il Dottore's in the fact that it is also a satire on military wear of the time. exaggerated as everything else about him. He marches everywhere; goose-steps, walk on heels. Through their association with spoken theatre and playwrights commedia figures have provided opera with many of its stock characters. Characters were identified by costumes, masks, and props, such as a type of baton known as a slapstick. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Il Capitano is feared by the townspeople only because he puts on a convincing show of intimidation. The pittore vago can be attributed with establishing commedia dell'arte as a genre of painting that would persist for centuries. [42][41] Over the gown, he would have a long black robe that went down to his heels, and he would have on black shoes, stockings, and breeches. His huge phallic nose compensates for what he is lacking. [20] Commedia dell'arte was performed outdoors in temporary venues by professional actors who were costumed and masked, as opposed to commedia erudita, which were written comedies, presented indoors by untrained and unmasked actors. These compagnie traveled throughout Europe from the early period, beginning with the Soldati, then, the Ganassa, who traveled to Spain,[29] and were famous for playing the guitar and singing—never to be heard from again—and the famous troupes of the Golden Age (1580–1605): Gelosi, Confidenti, Accessi. The Gelosi, for example, used the two-headed face of the Roman god Janus, to signify its comings and goings and relationship to the season of Carnival, which took place in January. Taviani's term negativa poetica describes this and other practices offensive to the church, while giving us an idea of the phenomenon of the commedia dell'arte performance. A troupe often consisted of ten performers of familiar masked and unmasked types, and included women. Capitano, stock character of the Italian commedia dell’arte.He was the prototype of a pretentious but cowardly military man. It developed from here into a half mask covering the upper half of the face only with an extended, long nose. Commedia dell'arte moved outside the city limits to the théâtre de la foire, or fair theatres, in the early 17th century as it evolved toward a more pantomimed style. Il Capitano's costume is an exaggeration on the military. The expressive theatre influenced Molière's comedy and subsequently ballet d'action, thus lending a fresh range of expression and choreographic means. the tirade, are derivative from the commedia (tirata). Il Capitano (The Captain) is an, arrogant, egocentric man feigning machismo. Stock characters and situations also appear in ballet. One mask exhibits stern features and a long phallic nose and large eye holes. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. [42] He wore a long black gown or jacket that went below the knees.
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