Besides the Faas and Blyths, common Border Gypsy (Scottish Romanichal) surnames include Baillie, Tait, Douglas, Gordon, McDonald, Ruthven, Young and Fleckie. The language has been spoken in fairgrounds and theatrical entertainment since at least the 17th century. Kirkcaldy links market remains the premier funfair in Scotland, evolving from a charter granted by Edward I in 1304. They are a fusion or mix of Romani and an indigenous Lowland Scottish Traveller group, and their roots are just as Romani as they are Scottish. Many of the common markets and fairs are rooted in ancient times, from the medieval period or earlier, and are said to be 'prescriptive fairs'. They live in separate and distinct communities from Scottish Lowland Travellers, although both are Romani groups with Romani cultures, languages and heritage. The Highland Travellers' speech includes a dialect called 'Beurla-reagaird'. Since the 1950s, however, the majority of Highland Travellers have settled down into organized campsites or regular houses. [30] As theatrical booths, circus acts and menageries were once a common part of European fairs it is likely that the roots of Polari/Parlyaree lie in the period before both theatre and circus became independent of the fairgrounds. Occupational travellers travel for work across Scotland, the rest of the UK and into Europe. The run of fairs include Buckie fair, Inverness, Kirkcaldy links market and the historic fairs held at Dundee and Arbroath. Two days later, the King authorised a payment of £20 to a messenger from the "King of Rowmais". Showmen families have a strong cultural identity as ‘British Showmen’, dating back to 1889 and the formation of the Showmen's Guild of Great Britain and Ireland, and are known within the UK as the “Scottish Section”. However like the Highland Travellers themselves the language isn't related to Romani. The Romani people are also known by a variety of other names; in English as gypsies or gipsies and Roma, in Greek as γύφτοι or τσιγγάνοι, in Central and Eastern Europe as Tsingani, in France as gitans besides the dated bohémiens, manouches, in Italy as zingari and gitani, in Spain as gitanos, and in Portugal as ciganos. Fairs in Scotland are presented around the same time as they are in the rest of Great Britain and Ireland with a similar mixture of Charter, Prescriptive and private business fairs. The majority of fairs held in Scotland and the rest of the British Isles can trace their ancestry to charters granted in the medieval period. First of all, something about trade names. Several other European groups are non-Romany groups, namely the Yeniches, Woonwagenbewoners in the Netherlands, Indigenous Norwegian Travellers and Landfahrer in Germany. at the berry picking or during harvest. In Scottish Gaelic they are known as the "Ceàrdannan" ("the Craftsmen"),[17] or less controversially, "luchd siubhail" (people of travel) for travellers in general. [9] By 1874 these Gypsies were commented on as "Having physical markers in their dusky complexion that is characteristically Gypsy]...and...[a language that is clearly Romani". They are particularly very closely related to the Romani groups of England, Wales, Norway, Sweden and Finland. 20000-names.com lists many other Romany/Gypsy surnames, including Petulengro, which is thought to come from the Romany term for a farrier, or horseshoe-maker; Boswell, a name derived from an old term for a settler; Grey, taken from the Sanskrit word for "horse"; Hearne/Herne, a name taken from heron and other types of birds; Lee; Lovel; Marshall; and Stanley. Lowland Scottish Romani Travellers share many cultural features with other British Romani Travellers (English Romanichal Travellers and Welsh Kale Travellers) such as a belief in the importance of family and family descent, a strong valuing and involvement with extended family and family events, a preference for self-employment, purity taboos (among the Romani people the purity taboos are part of the Romanipen) and a strong commitment to an itinerant lifestyle. [3] Romany migration to Scotland continued during the 16th century and several groups of Romanies were accepted there after being expelled from England. The Highland Traveller community has a long history in Scotland going back, at least in record, to the 12th century as a form of employment and one of the first records of that name states a "James the Tinker" held land in the town of Perth from 1165-1214[10][22] and share a similar heritage, although are distinct from the Irish Travellers.
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