Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. [38] PRO, FO 141/460-8, Letter from Sharif Husayn to Ronald Storrs via messenger Mohammed Ibn Arif Ibn Oreifan in Alexandria, (18 August 1915). [19], According to Karsh, Arab nationalism was not yet a mass movement, even in Syria, where it was strongest. [61] However, the Sharifian Army succeeded in cutting off and thus neutralizing the Ottoman position at Ma'an, who held out until late September 1918. The dethroned Sultan attempted to attain the Caliphate by putting an end to the non religious policies of the Young Turks, but was driven away to banishment in Selanik by the 31 March Incident and was finally replaced by his brother Mehmed V Reşad. failed to win over many Arab subjects. [39] Camel-mounted Arab raiding parties had an effective radius of 1000 miles (1600 km) carrying their own food and taking water from a system of wells approximately 100 miles (160 km) apart. Buxton's two companies of Imperial Camel Corps Brigade continued on towards Amman, where they hoped to destroy the main bridge. He is the Servant of the Two Holy Cities. [36] Fakhri then turned his forces south to take Rabegh, but owing to the guerrilla attacks on his flanks and supply lines, air attacks from the newly established Royal Flying Corps base at Yanbu, and the over-extension of his supply lines, he was forced to turn back on January 18, 1917, to Medina. Although many Arabs had reached the highest positions in the Ottoman government by the end of the nineteenth century, opposition to Turkish authority was spreading through the empire's Arabic-speaking provinces of the Ottoman Empire. Sharif Hussein wrote to the British, demanding an explanation. [74] The Ottoman army was routed in less than 10 days of battle. We have 6 articles, related to The Ottoman Empire. [78] Hussein saw himself as the founder of a new empire and looked down upon his fellow Ottoman Arabs as backward, ignorant people, whom he was "destined" to rule. They produced a set of demands for greater autonomy and equality within the Ottoman Empire, including for elementary and secondary education in Arab lands to be delivered in Arabic, for peacetime Arab conscripts to the Ottoman army to serve near their home region and for at least three Arab ministers in the Ottoman cabinet.[11]. Although the Ottoman government tried to exploit the controversy, Arab leaders gambled that the reality on the ground at the end of the war would trump any paper agreement. Uprising of Arab nationalists against the Ottoman Empire during World War I. [44] In February 1917, Garland succeeded for the first time in destroying a moving locomotive with a mine of his own design. He has translated and reviewed several publications both from and into the Arabic language. VI, 23 August, 28, India Office Library (London), Political Department, Political and Secret Vol. [44] Al-Hakam, Volume 9, Number 32, 10 September 1905, 43. In February 1914, Husayn sent one of his sons to negotiate with the British agent and consul general in Cairo, Lord Kitchener, but Great Britain was not yet ready to support an Arab uprising against the Ottomans. After three days the Arabs broke off their attacks, and the commander of the 12,000-strong Ottoman garrison, General Fakhri Pasha, sent Turkish troops out of the city to pursue the retreating rebels. The Arab revolt played an important and controversial role in postwar negotiations, and in the decisions taken by Great Britain and France about the territorial divisions of the former Arab provinces in the Ottoman Empire. These events undermined what little loyalty remained among Arab subjects of the sultan, and sparked widespread support for open revolt against the Ottomans.
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