Ferrara G, Losi M, Meacci M, Meccugni B, Piro R, Roversi P, Bergamini BM, D'Amico R, Marchegiano P, Rumpianesi F. Pai M, Lewinsohn DM. TB kit (Innogenetics, Gent, Belgium) and the GenoType MTBDR assay (Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany). Burman W, Benator D, Vernon A, Khan A, Jones B, Silva C, Lahart C, Weis S, King B, Mangura B, Weiner M, El-Sadr W. Acquired rifamycin-resistance with twice-weekly treatment of HIV-related tuberculosis. The results of these studies have been summarized in a recent metaanalysis (25) that suggests that the LiPA assay is highly sensitive and specific for detecting rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis in culture and, to a slightly lesser degree, in clinical specimens. TABLE 4. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. But over the last decade significant changes have occurred in TB diagnostics. They require sophisticated technology that limits their widespread use. Sensitivity estimates have been lower in paucibacillary forms of TB (smear-negative pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary TB). Despite the enormous global burden of TB and the overall low rates of case detection, conventional approaches to diagnosis continue to rely on tests that have major drawbacks. A variant, the FASTPlaque-TB-MDRi kit, is designed to detect rifampicin resistance in culture isolates. Line probe assays are a family of novel DNA strip tests that use PCR and reverse hybridization methods for the rapid detection of drug resistance. With regard to treatment, we focus on important changes in the philosophy of treatment, emphasizing the responsibility of the provider to assure successful completion of treatment, and on the roles of existing anti-TB agents and newer drugs such as rifabutin, rifapentine, and fluoroquinolones. Email: vatkaramit@yahoo.com In general, the results of in-house PCR evaluations have been more inconsistent than commercial tests. Commercial assays are standardized and produce results that are more consistent. Efforts are ongoing to improve their performance characteristics, especially for the rapid direct detection of rifampicin resistance in clinical specimens (29). Copyright © 1987-2020 American Thoracic Society, All Rights Reserved. The technology uses mycobacteriophages to infect live M. tuberculosis and detect the bacilli using a phage amplification method or detection of light. Further research is needed to determine the biological basis for this phenomenon. Recent advances in diagnosis of tuberculosis Aparna Mukherjee 1 , Rakesh Lodha 2 , SK Kabra 3 ABSTRACT The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in childhood continues to be surrounded by considerable uncertainty, especially due to the difficulty in collecting sputum samples in children and the paucibacillary nature of childhood TB. The FASTPlaque-TB kits are not FDA approved but are CE marked for use in Europe. When used in patients with these features, rates of relapse are unacceptably high (38, 48, 49). Rifapentine and isoniazid in the continuation phase of treating pulmonary tuberculosis: initial report. A variety of modalities have been used to improve adherence in TB treatment. For example, sputum smear microscopy is insensitive; culture is technically complex and slow; determination of drug susceptibility is even more technically complex and slower yet; chest radiography is nonspecific; and tuberculin skin testing is imprecise, and the results are often nonspecific. The tuberculin skin test (TST) was, until recently, the only tool available for detecting LTBI. Nehren, Germany ) phase of treating pulmonary tuberculosis: initial report paucibacillary forms of TB smear-negative... Approved but are CE marked for use in Europe forms of TB ( pulmonary. Been used to improve their performance characteristics, especially for the rapid direct detection of rifampicin resistance culture... 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